MINDSETMonths to result

Multilevel Selection Theory

Group selection as a viable force

Problem it solves

limiting beliefs

Best for

Evolutionary biologists and psychologists

Not ideal for

Those without a background in evolutionary biology

Overview

Why this framework exists

Multilevel selection theory proposes that group selection can be a viable force in evolution, in addition to individual selection. This theory suggests that groups can have functional organization and can be'vehicles' of selection, just like individuals. The theory has implications for our understanding of human social behavior and the evolution of cooperation.

Core principles

3 total
  1. Group selection can be a viable force in evolution.
  2. Groups can have functional organization and can be'vehicles' of selection.
  3. Multilevel selection theory can help explain the evolution of cooperation and human social behavior.

Steps

2 steps
  1. Understand the basics of group selection
    Group selection refers to the process by which groups with certain traits or characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than groups without those traits. This can lead to the evolution of cooperation and other prosocial behaviors.
    Pro tipConsider the example of honeybees, where group selection has led to the evolution of complex social behaviors.
    WarningBe aware that group selection is not always a strong force in evolution, and individual selection can often override it.
  2. Apply multilevel selection theory to human social behavior
    Multilevel selection theory can help explain the evolution of cooperation and human social behavior. Consider how groups with certain traits or characteristics may be more likely to survive and reproduce than groups without those traits.
    Pro tipThink about how multilevel selection theory can be applied to real-world problems, such as the evolution of cooperation in human societies.
    WarningBe aware that multilevel selection theory is still a developing field, and more research is needed to fully understand its implications.

Checklist

Saved in your browser

Examples

1 cases
The evolution of cooperation in human societies

Multilevel selection theory can help explain the evolution of cooperation in human societies. For example, groups with certain traits or characteristics, such as a strong sense of reciprocity and fairness, may be more likely to survive and reproduce than groups without those traits.

OutcomeThe evolution of cooperation in human societies can lead to more stable and prosperous communities.

Common mistakes

2 traps
Ignoring the role of individual selection
Individual selection can often override group selection, and ignoring its role can lead to a incomplete understanding of the evolution of cooperation and human social behavior.
Overemphasizing the importance of group selection
Group selection is not always a strong force in evolution, and overemphasizing its importance can lead to a lack of understanding of other evolutionary forces at play.

Origin story

How this framework came to be

The theory was developed by evolutionary biologist David Wilson and evolutionary philosopher Elliot Sober, who argued that group selection is more viable than previously thought. They suggested that groups can have functional organization and can be'vehicles' of selection, just like individuals.

Source

Traced to primary
Source · BOOK
Evolutionary Psychology The New Science of the Mind
David M Buss · 2025
Open source →

Related frameworks

Browse all Mindset →