FINANCEMonths to result

Post-Modern Portfolio Theory (PMPT)

Engineer portfolios for targeted returns

Problem it solves

poor financial decisions

Best for

Institutional investors seeking to engineer portfolios for targeted returns and risks

Not ideal for

Individual investors without significant resources or expertise

Overview

Why this framework exists

PMPT is an approach to portfolio management that builds on traditional Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) by separating returns from alpha and beta, altering their sizes to more desirable levels, and deriving more diversified portfolios. This approach allows investors to engineer portfolios that achieve targeted returns and risks.

Core principles

3 total
  1. Separate returns from alpha and beta to achieve more desirable levels of each
  2. Derive more diversified portfolios of each to reduce risk and increase potential returns
  3. Choose a mix of beta and alpha that is explicitly aligned with investor objectives and risk tolerance

Steps

3 steps
  1. Identify Targeted Return and Risk
    Determine the desired return and risk level for the portfolio, taking into account investor objectives and risk tolerance.
    Pro tipConsider using a combination of beta and alpha to achieve the targeted return and risk
    WarningBe cautious of over-reliance on beta or alpha, as this can lead to undue risk or underperformance
  2. Separate Returns from Alpha and Beta
    Separate the returns of the portfolio into alpha and beta components, and determine the desired size of each.
    Pro tipUse a combination of quantitative and qualitative analysis to determine the optimal mix of beta and alpha
    WarningBe aware of the potential for alpha to be zero-sum, and the importance of selecting skilled managers to generate positive alpha
  3. Derive Diversified Portfolios of Each
    Create diversified portfolios of beta and alpha, using a range of asset classes and managers to reduce risk and increase potential returns.
    Pro tipConsider using leverage or leverage-like techniques to adjust the expected returns and risks of asset classes
    WarningBe cautious of over-diversification, which can lead to underperformance and increased complexity

Checklist

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Examples

1 cases
Bridgewater Associates' All Weather Portfolio

Bridgewater Associates' All Weather portfolio is an example of a PMPT portfolio that has been designed to achieve targeted returns and risks through a combination of beta and alpha.

OutcomeThe portfolio has delivered strong returns with reduced risk, and has been widely adopted by institutional investors.

Common mistakes

2 traps
Over-reliance on Beta or Alpha
Over-reliance on beta or alpha can lead to undue risk or underperformance, as each has its own limitations and potential drawbacks.
Failure to Diversify
Failure to diversify the portfolio can lead to increased risk and reduced potential returns, as well as undue reliance on a single asset class or manager.

Origin story

How this framework came to be

The concept of PMPT was developed by Bridgewater Associates as a response to the limitations of traditional MPT. The approach has been refined over time through research and implementation with institutional investors.

Source

Traced to primary
Source · BOOK
Engineering Targeted Returns and Risks
Bridgewater Associates, LP · 2010
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