FINANCEMonths to result

The 51% Attack Framework

Attack on Bitcoin

Problem it solves

poor financial decisions

Best for

Understanding Bitcoin security risks

Not ideal for

Beginners in Bitcoin

Overview

Why this framework exists

The 51% attack framework refers to a potential attack on the Bitcoin network where an entity controls more than 50% of the network's mining power, allowing them to manipulate transactions and undermine the network's security. This framework is important for understanding the risks and vulnerabilities of the Bitcoin network.

Core principles

3 total
  1. A 51% attack requires control of more than 50% of the network's mining power
  2. The attack can be used to manipulate transactions and undermine the network's security
  3. The economic incentives of the network make it unlikely for an attacker to succeed

Steps

2 steps
  1. Acquiring mining power
    An attacker must acquire more than 50% of the network's mining power to launch a 51% attack
    Pro tipThe attacker must have significant resources to acquire such a large amount of mining power
    WarningThe attack is unlikely to succeed due to the economic incentives of the network
  2. Manipulating transactions
    The attacker can use their control of the network to manipulate transactions and undermine the network's security
    Pro tipThe attacker must be careful not to alert the network's users to their actions
    WarningThe attack can be detected and prevented by the network's users

Checklist

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Examples

1 cases
Betcoin Dice attack

In 2012, Betcoin Dice was attacked using a 51% attack, resulting in the theft of $100,000 worth of bitcoins

OutcomeThe attack was successful, but it highlighted the risks of 51% attacks and led to increased security measures

Common mistakes

2 traps
Underestimating the network's resilience
The network's users and developers can work together to prevent and detect 51% attacks
Overestimating the attack's potential
The attack is unlikely to succeed due to the economic incentives of the network

Origin story

How this framework came to be

The concept of a 51% attack has been discussed in the context of Bitcoin since its inception. As the network has grown and become more decentralized, the risk of such an attack has decreased, but it remains a theoretical possibility.

Source

Traced to primary
Source · BOOK
The Bitcoin Standard
Saifedean Ammous · 2018
Open source →

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