Robert Mundell

optimum currency areas; Mundell-Fleming.

Robert Mundell (1932–2021) was a Canadian economist who spent much of his career at Columbia University. He won the 1999 Nobel Prize in Economics for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange-rate regimes. His optimum currency area theory laid the intellectual groundwork for European monetary union, and the Mundell-Fleming model remains a core framework for open-economy macroeconomics.