Thomas Piketty

r > g; Capital in the Twenty-First Century.

Professor at the Paris School of Economics and the École des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales. His 2013 book Capital in the Twenty-First Century, drawing on centuries of tax and wealth data across multiple countries, became a defining work in empirical inequality research. Best known for the inequality formula r > g, which argues that when returns on capital exceed economic growth, wealth concentrates at the top.