Geert Hofstede

Cultural Dimensions

Geert Hofstede (1928–2020) was a Dutch social psychologist and organisational anthropologist, latterly professor emeritus at Maastricht University. His landmark study of IBM employees across 50+ countries produced the Cultural Dimensions framework, giving managers a quantitative basis for navigating cross-cultural difference. His books, including 'Cultures and Organisations: Software of the Mind', became standard texts in international business education.