Kurt Lewin

Change Model (Unfreeze-Change-Refreeze), Force-Field Analysis

Kurt Lewin (1890–1947) was a German-American social psychologist and one of the founders of applied behavioural science. He developed the three-stage change model — unfreezing existing behaviours, making a change, then refreezing — which remains a cornerstone of change management. His Force-Field Analysis framework maps driving and restraining forces acting on any situation, giving practitioners a structured tool for planning interventions.