John Kotter

8-Step Change Model, Leading Change

Konosuke Matsushita Professor of Leadership, Emeritus at Harvard Business School, Kotter spent decades studying why organisational change efforts fail. His 1996 book 'Leading Change' codified an 8-step process—from creating urgency to anchoring new approaches in culture—that became a standard framework in corporate change management. He later co-founded Kotter Inc. to apply these principles in consulting practice.